The complement system is a crucial part of the immune system that helps protect the body from infections and enhances the ability of antibodies and immune cells to clear pathogens and damaged cells. It consists of a series of proteins found in the blood and tissues that, when activated, work together to destroy harmful microorganisms, promote inflammation, and remove debris from dead cells. The complement system can be triggered through three pathways: the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. These pathways ultimately lead to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), which can puncture the cell membranes of pathogens, causing them to burst. In addition to fighting infections, the complement system plays a role in immune regulation, tissue repair, and the removal of immune complexes. Dysregulation of the complement system can contribute to autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and other inflammatory conditions.
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