Serum protein electrophoresis is a technique that divides the serum proteins into different fractions.
Serum Protein Electrophoresis (SPEP) is a laboratory test used to measure specific proteins in the blood and to detect abnormalities that may indicate various medical conditions. This diagnostic test separates proteins in the blood serum based on their size, charge, and other physical properties using an electric field. The results can provide valuable insights into diseases such as multiple myeloma, liver disorders, kidney disease, and inflammatory conditions, among others.
In a Serum Protein Electrophoresis test, a sample of blood is collected, typically from a vein in the arm. The serum, which is the clear, yellowish fluid portion of blood, is separated from the red blood cells and other components. The serum is then subjected to electrophoresis, where it is placed onto a gel or another medium. An electric current is passed through the medium, causing proteins to migrate at different rates based on their size and charge.
After the electrophoresis is complete, the proteins are stained and visualized, forming distinct bands in different locations of the gel. These bands are then analyzed to identify abnormalities or changes in protein patterns that could indicate disease or other conditions.
The results of an SPEP test are interpreted by examining the patterns of protein bands. For example, in normal circumstances, the test shows a large band of albumin and smaller bands for each globulin class. Any significant increase, decrease, or appearance of abnormal bands (such as monoclonal peaks) could indicate a disease or condition.
1] Monoclonal spike: A sharp, narrow peak in the gamma region may suggest the presence of monoclonal gammopathy, seen in multiple myeloma or other plasma cell disorders.
2] Polyclonal increase: Widespread increases in gamma globulins might suggest chronic inflammation, infection, or autoimmune disease.
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Usually, no special preparation is required, but fasting may be advised in some cases. Always follow your doctor’s instructions.
A blood sample is taken, and the serum is subjected to an electric field to separate proteins into different fractions (albumin, alpha globulins, beta globulins, and gamma globulins).
Conditions such as multiple myeloma, liver disease, kidney disease, chronic inflammation, and certain immunodeficiencies.
It’s not typically part of routine checkups but is recommended when there are specific symptoms or concerns that need investigation.
